Black oxide kana kusviba iko kuchinjika kwesimbi yesimbi, simbi isina tsvina, mhangura nemhangura yakavakirwa alloys, zingi, simbi dzehupfu, uye sirivha solder. [1]Inoshandiswa kuwedzera kushomeka kwekuora, kutaridzika, uye kuderedza kupenya kwechiedza.[2]Kuti zvikwanise kusaita ngura, black oxide inofanira kuiswa nemafuta kana wakisi.[3]Imwe yemabhenefiti ayo pamusoro pemamwe mabhanhire ndeye kushoma kwayo kuvaka.
1.Ferrous zvinhu
A mwero dema oxide imagnetite (Fe3O4), iyo yakanyanya kugadzikana pamusoro pevhu uye inopa zvirinani kudzivirira kwekutu kupfuura red oxide (ngura) Fe2O3.Maitiro emazuva ano maindasitiri ekugadzira dema oxide anosanganisira kupisa uye epakati-tembiricha maitiro anotsanangurwa pazasi.Iyo oxide inogona zvakare kuumbwa neiyo electrolytic process muanodizing.Nzira dzechivanhu dzinotsanangurwa munyaya yebluing.Idzo dzinonakidza munhoroondo, uye dzinobatsirawo kune vanoita zvekutamba kuti vagadzire black oxide zvakachengeteka nemidziyo mishoma uye isina makemikari ane chepfu.
Low tembiricha oxide, zvakare inotsanangurwa pazasi, haisi kutendeuka kupfeka-iyo yakaderera-yekupisa maitiro haina oxidize iron, asi inoisa mhangura selenium komputa.
1.1 Kupisa dema oxide
Mabhati anopisa e sodium hydroxide, nitrate, uye nitrites pa 141 ° C (286 ° F) anoshandiswa kushandura pamusoro pezvinhu kuita magnetite (Fe3O4).Mvura inofanira kuwedzerwa nguva nenguva kubhati, nekutonga kwakakodzera kudzivirira kuputika kwemhepo.
Kupisa kusviba kunosanganisira kunyudza chikamu mumatangi akasiyana.Iyo workpiece inowanzo "kunyudzwa" neautomated part carriers yekufambisa pakati pematangi.Aya matangi ane, mukurongeka, alkaline cleaner, mvura, caustic soda pa140.5 °C (284.9 °F) (iyo inokonzera blackening compound), uye pakupedzisira sealant, iyo inowanzova mafuta.Iyo caustic soda uye tembiricha yakakwira inoita kuti Fe3O4 (black oxide) iumbe pamusoro pesimbi pachinzvimbo cheFe2O3 (red oxide; ngura).Kunyange zvazvo iri denser mumuviri kupfuura red oxide, iyo itsva black oxide ine porous, saka mafuta anobva aiswa kune inopisa chikamu, iyo inoisa chisimbiso ne "kunyura" mairi.Iko kusanganiswa kunodzivirira kuora kwe workpiece.Pane zvakawanda zvakanakira blackening, kunyanya:
Blackening inogona kuitwa mumabheji makuru (yakanakira zvikamu zvidiki).
Iko hakuna kwakakosha dimensional maitiro (iyo yekutema maitiro inogadzira dhiri rinenge 1 µm gobvu).
Iyo yakachipa zvakanyanya pane yakafanana corrosion dziviriro masisitimu, senge pendi uye electroplating.
Iyo yekare uye inonyanya kushandiswa kutsanangurwa kweinopisa dema oxide ndeye MIL-DTL-13924, iyo inovhara mana makirasi emaitiro eakasiyana substrates.Zvimwe zvinotsanangurwa zvinosanganisira AMS 2485, ASTM D769, uye ISO 11408.
Iyi ndiyo nzira inoshandiswa kudzima tambo dzewaya dzemitambo yemitambo uye kubhururuka.
1.2 Pakati-tembiricha dema oxide
Sezvinopisa dema oxide, yepakati-tembiricha dema oxide inoshandura pamusoro pesimbi kuita magnetite (Fe3O4).Nekudaro, yepakati-tembiricha dema oxide inosviba pane tembiricha ye90-120 °C (194-248 °F), zvakanyanya ishoma pane inopisa dema oxide.Izvi zvine pundutso nekuti iri pazasi pekubikira kwemushonga, zvichireva kuti hapana hutsi hunokonzeresa hunogadzirwa.
Sezvo yepakati-tembiricha dema oxide ichinyanya kufananidzwa nekupisa dema oxide, zvakare inogona kusangana nemauto yakatarwa MIL-DTL-13924, pamwe neAMS 2485.
1.3Kutonhora dema oxide
Cold black oxide, inozivikanwawo seyekamuri tembiricha black oxide, inoiswa patembiricha ye20–30 °C (68–86 °F).Haisi iyo oxide inoshandura coating, asi pane yakaiswa mhangura selenium komputa.Cold black oxide inopa kugadzirwa kwepamusoro uye yakanakira kusviba mukati memba.Uku kupfekedza kunoburitsa ruvara rwakafanana kune rwunoitwa neoxyde conversion, asi rinowanzo bvisa zviri nyore uye rinopa kushomeka kweabrasion.Kuiswa kwemafuta, wakisi, kana lacquer kunounza kusaita ngura kusvika padanho rekupisa nepakati-tembiricha.Imwe application yeinotonhora dema oxide process ingave mukushandisa uye yekuvaka kupedzisa pasimbi (patina yesimbi).Inonziwo cold bluing.
2. Mhangura
Yakanyanya kuratidza ye cupric oxide.svg
Black oxide yemhangura, dzimwe nguva inozivikanwa nezita rekutengesa Ebonol C, inoshandura nzvimbo yemhangura kuita cupric oxide.Kuti hurongwa hushande pasi panofanira kuva ne65% mhangura;kune nzvimbo dzemhangura dzine isingasviki 90% yemhangura inofanira kutanga yagadziriswa neinosimudzira kurapa.Iyo yakapedzwa yakapedzwa yakagadzikana yemakemikari uye inoomerera zvakanyanya.Yakatsiga kusvika 400 °F (204 °C);pamusoro peiyi tembiricha iyo yekuputira inodzikisira nekuda kweiyo oxidation ye base mhangura.Kuti uwedzere kusadzivirirwa nekuora, nzvimbo yacho inogona kunge ine mafuta, lacquered, kana wax.Inoshandiswawo se pre-kurapa kwekupenda kana enamelling.Kupera kwepamusoro kunowanzo satin, asi kunogona kushandurwa kupenya nekuputira mune yakajeka high-gloss enamel.
Pane microscopic scale dendrites inoumba pamusoro pekupedzisira, iyo inoteya chiedza uye inowedzera kunyura.Nekuda kweichi chivakwa, kupfekedzwa kunoshandiswa mune aerospace, microscope uye mamwe maapplication ekuderedza kupenya kwechiedza.
Mumabhodhi edunhu akadhindwa (PCBs), kushandiswa kweblack oxide kunopa kunamira kuri nani kune fiberglass laminate layer.Iyo PCB inonyikwa mubhavhu rine hydroxide, hypochlorite, uye cuprate, iyo inopera muzvikamu zvitatu.Izvi zvinoratidza kuti iyo dema yemhangura oxide inouya zvishoma kubva mukombe uye zvishoma kubva kuPCB yemhangura yedunhu.Pasi pekuongorora kwemicroscopic, hapana mhangura (I) oxide layer.
Mamiriro echiuto eUS anoshanda MIL-F-495E.
3. Simbi isina tsvina
Hot black oxide yesimbi isina tsvina musanganiswa we caustic, oxidizing, uye sulfur munyu.Inodzima mazana matatu nemazana mana akatevedzana uye kunaya- kwakaomeswa 17-4 PH simbi isina tsvina alloys.Mhinduro yacho inogona kushandiswa pasimbi yakakandwa uye yakapfava yakaderera-kabhoni simbi.Mhedzisiro inoguma inopindirana nemauto akatemerwa MIL-DTL-13924D Kirasi 4 uye inopa abrasion kuramba.Black oxide kupera inoshandiswa pazviridzwa zvekuvhiya munzvimbo dzine chiedza-yakanyanya kuderedza kuneta kwemaziso.
Room-tembiricha kusviba kwesimbi isina simbi kunoitika neauto-catalytic reaction yemhangura-selenide inoisa panzvimbo yesimbi isina simbi.Inopa kushomeka kweabrasion kuramba uye iyo imwechete yekudzivirira corrosion sekupisa kunopisa maitiro.Imwe kunyorera kwekamuri-tembiricha kusviba kuri mukuvakwa kwekupedzisa (patina yesimbi isina tsvina).
4. Zinc
Black oxide ye zinc inozivikanwa zvakare nezita rekutengeserana Ebonol Z.Chimwe chigadzirwa iUltra-Blak 460, iyo inodzima zinc-plated uye galvanized surface pasina kushandisa chero chrome uye zinc die-casts.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-23-2021