Rapid prototyping

Muchina wekukurumidza prototyping uchishandisa selective laser sintering (SLS)

3D modhi slicing
Rapid prototyping iboka rematekiniki anoshandiswa kukurumidza kugadzira chiyero chechikamu chemuviri kana gungano uchishandisa matatu-dimensional komputa aided design (CAD) data.Kuvakwa kwechikamu kana gungano kunowanzoitwa uchishandisa 3D kudhinda kana "additive layer kugadzira" tekinoroji.

Nzira dzekutanga dzekukurumidza prototyping dzakavepo pakati pema1980 uye dzakashandiswa kugadzira modhi uye zvikamu zveprototype.Nhasi, anoshandiswa kune akasiyana siyana ekushandisa uye anoshandiswa kugadzira ekugadzira-yemhando zvikamu muhuwandu hudiki kana zvichidikanwa pasina yakajairika isingafadzi yenguva pfupi-yehupfumi.Hupfumi uhwu hwakurudzira mahofisi ebasa repamhepo.Ongororo dzenhoroondo dzeRP tekinoroji dzinotanga nenhaurirano dzemaitiro ekugadzira simulacra anoshandiswa nevavezi vezana ramakore rechi 19.Vamwe vavezi vemazuva ano vanoshandisa tekinoroji yevana kugadzira zviratidziro nezvimwe zvinhu zvakasiyana.Iko kugona kuburitsa madhizaini kubva kudhata kwakapa nyaya dzekodzero, sezvo zvave kugoneka kupindirana data yevhoriyamu kubva kune imwe-dimensional mifananidzo.

Sezvinoita CNC nzira dzekubvisa, iyo komputa-inobatsira-dhizaini - komputa-inobatsira kugadzira CAD -CAM kufamba kwechinyakare kukurumidza prototyping process kunotanga nekugadzirwa kwejometri data, ingave 3D yakasimba uchishandisa CAD workstation, kana 2D zvimedu uchishandisa scanning device.Nekukurumidza prototyping iyi data inofanirwa kumiririra iyo inoshanda geometric modhi;kureva, uyo ane muganhu wepamusoro wakavharira vhoriyamu inogumira, isina maburi anoburitsa mukati, uye usapeta shure paari.Nemamwe mashoko, chinhu chacho chinofanira kuva ne“mukati”.Iyo modhi inoshanda kana pane yega yega munzvimbo ye 3D komputa ichikwanisa kuona zvakasiyana kuti iyo poindi iri mukati, pairi, kana kunze kwemuganhu wepamusoro peiyo modhi.CAD post-processors inofananidzira vatengesi vekushandisa 'yemukati CAD mafomu ejometri (semuenzaniso, B-splines) ine yakarerutswa fomu yemasvomhu, iyo inozoratidzwa mune yakatsanangurwa data fomati inova chinhu chakajairika mukugadzira yekuwedzera: STL faira fomati, iyo de facto chiyero chekuendesa yakasimba geometric modhi kune SFF michina.

Kuti uwane inodiwa yekufambisa yekudzora trajectories yekutyaira iyo chaiyo SFF, nekukurumidza prototyping, 3D kudhinda kana yekuwedzera yekugadzira michina, iyo yakagadzirwa geometric modhi inowanzochekwa kuita zvidimbu, uye zvimedu zvinoongororwa kuita mitsara (ichigadzira "2D dhizaini" inoshandiswa kugadzira. trajectory senge muCNC's toolpath), kutevedzera mukudzosera kumashure-kune-layer yemuviri maitiro ekuvaka.

1. Nzvimbo dzekushandisa
Rapid prototyping inowanzo shandiswa muinjiniya yesoftware kuyedza mhando nyowani dzebhizinesi uye zvivakwa zvekushandisa zvakaita seAerospace, Automotive, Financial Services, Product development, uye Healthcare.Aerospace dhizaini uye zvikwata zvemaindasitiri zvinotsamira pane prototyping kuti vagadzire nzira nyowani dze AM muindasitiri.Vachishandisa SLA vanogona kukurumidza kugadzira akawanda mapurojekiti avo mumazuva mashoma uye votanga kuyedza nekukurumidza.Rapid Prototyping inobvumira vagadziri / vanogadzira kuti vape iyo chaiyo pfungwa yekuti chigadzirwa chakapedzwa chichaita sei usati waisa nguva yakawandisa nemari muiyo prototype.Kudhinda kwe3D kuri kushandiswa kuRapid Prototyping kunobvumira kuti Industrial 3D kudhinda kuitike.Neizvi, iwe unogona kunge uine mahombe-akakura mold kuti asara ari kudhonzwa kunze nekukurumidza mukati menguva pfupi yenguva.

2. Nhoroondo
Mumakore ekuma1970, Joseph Henry Condon nevamwe kuBell Labs vakagadzira Unix Circuit Design System (UCDS), vachigadzira otomatiki basa rakaoma uye rinokanganisa rekushandura madhirowa nemaoko kugadzira mabhodhi edunhu nechinangwa chekutsvaga nekusimudzira.

Pakazosvika ma1980, vagadziri vemitemo veUS uye mamaneja emaindasitiri vakamanikidzwa kuona kuti hutongi hweAmerica mumunda wekugadzira maturusi emuchina hwakabuda, mune iyo yakanzi dambudziko rekushandisa muchina.Mapurojekiti mazhinji akatsvaga kurwisa maitiro aya munzvimbo yechinyakare CNC CAM, yaive yatanga muUS.Gare gare apo Rapid Prototyping Systems yakabuda mumalabhu kuti itengeswe, zvakaonekwa kuti budiriro dzanga dzatove dzepasirese uye makambani eUS anokurumidza prototyping aisazove neumbozha hwekurega lead ichitsvedza.National Science Foundation yaive amburera yeNational Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Dhipatimendi reMagetsi reUS, Dhipatimendi reCommerce reUS NIST, Dhipatimendi reDziviriro reUS, Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), uye Hofisi ye Naval Research yakaronga zvidzidzo kuzivisa vanoronga zvirongwa munhaurirano dzavo.Imwe rondedzero yakadaro yaive 1997 Rapid Prototyping muEurope neJapan Panel Report umo Joseph J. Beaman muvambi weDTM Corporation anopa nhoroondo yekuona:

Midzi yekukurumidza prototyping tekinoroji inogona kuteverwa kune maitiro mutopography uye photosculpture.Mukati meTOPOGRAPHY Blanther (1892) vakakurudzira nzira ine layer yekugadzira mold yemapepa ekuyamura akasimudzwa etopographical mepu .Maitiro acho aisanganisira kucheka mitsetse yecontour pamahwendefa aizorongwa.Matsubara (1974) weMitsubishi akakurudzira maitiro epamusoro-soro ane mufananidzo-anoomesa photopolymer resin kuti aite zvidimbu zvitete zvakarongedzerwa kuita mold yekukanda.PHOTOSCULPTURE yaive nzira yezana ramakore rechi 19 kugadzira chaiyo-dimensional replicas yezvinhu.Vazhinji vane mukurumbira Francois Willeme (1860) akaisa makamera makumi maviri nemana mudenderedzwa uye panguva imwe cheteyo akatora chinhu.Silhouette yepikicha imwe neimwe yakabva yashandiswa kuveza mufananidzo.Morioka (1935, 1944) akagadzira hybrid photo sculpture uye topographic process vachishandisa mwenje wakarongeka kugadzira mifananidzo kugadzira mitsetse yechinhu.Mitsetse yacho yaigona kugadzirwa kuva mapepa ocheka nokuturikidzwa, kana kuti kuenzanisirwa pamidziyo yokuveza.Iyo Munz (1956) Maitiro akaburitsa mufananidzo wemativi matatu echinhu nekusarudza pachena, layer by layer, emulsion yemufananidzo pane inodzikisa piston.Mushure mekugadzirisa, cylinder yakasimba yakajeka ine mufananidzo wechinhu.

— Joseph J. Beaman
"Mavambo eRapid Prototyping - RP inobva muindasitiri inoramba ichikura yeCAD, kunyanya, iyo yakasimba yekuenzanisira yeCAD.Pamberi pekuumbwa kwakasimba mukupera kwema1980, modhi-dimensional nhatu dzakagadzirwa nemafuremu ewaya uye nzvimbo.Asi kwete kusvika kugadzirwa kwechokwadi kwakasimba modhi kwaigona kuvandudza maitiro seRP kugadzirwa.Charles Hull, uyo akabatsira kuwana 3D Systems muna 1986, akagadzira yekutanga RP maitiro.Kuita uku, kunonzi sterolithography, kunovaka zvinhu nekurapa zvitete zvakatevedzana zvemamwe ultraviolet chiedza-sensitive liquid resin ine low-power laser.Nekuunzwa kweRP, mhando dzakasimba dzeCAD dzinogona kuerekana dzave hupenyu ”.

Iwo matekinoroji anonzi Solid Freeform Fabrication ndiwo atinoziva nhasi sekukurumidza prototyping, 3D kudhinda kana yekuwedzera kugadzira: Swainson (1977), Schwerzel (1984) akashanda pa polymerization yephotosensitive polymer pamharadzano yemakombuta maviri anodzorwa laser matanda.Ciraud (1972) akafunga magnetostatic kana electrostatic deposition ine erekitironi danda, laser kana plasma ye sintered pamusoro cladding.Zvose izvi zvakarongwa asi hazvizivikanwe kana michina yekushanda yakavakwa.Hideo Kodama weNagoya Municipal Industrial Research Institute ndiye akatanga kutsikisa nhoroondo yemhando yakasimba yakagadzirwa uchishandisa photopolymer quick prototyping system (1981).Iyo yekutanga chaiyo 3D yekukurumidza prototyping system ichivimba neFused Deposition Modeling (FDM) yakaitwa muna Kubvumbi 1992 neStratasys asi patent haina kubuda kusvika June 9, 1992. Sanders Prototype, Inc yakaunza yekutanga desktop inkjet 3D Printer (3DP) vachishandisa kugadzirwa kubva Nyamavhuvhu 4, 1992 (Helinski), Modelmaker 6Pro mukupera kwa1993 kozoti hombe indasitiri ye3D printer, Modelmaker 2, muna 1997. Z-Corp ichishandisa MIT 3DP poda inosunga yeDirect Shell Casting (DSP) yakagadzirwa 1993 yakaunzwa kuti musika muna 1995. Kunyangwe panguva iyoyo yekutanga tekinoroji yakaonekwa seine nzvimbo mukugadzira maitiro.Kugadziriswa kwakaderera, kuderera kwesimba kubuda kwaive nekukosha mukusimbisa dhizaini, kugadzira mold, kugadzira jigs nedzimwe nzvimbo.Mabudiro akaenderera mberi zvishoma nezvishoma kune epamusoro mashandisirwo ekushandiswa.Sanders Prototype, Inc. (Solidscape) yakatanga semugadziri weRapid Prototyping 3D Printing neModelmaker 6Pro yekugadzira yekupira Thermoplas tic mapatani emhando dzeCAD inoshandisa Drop-On-Demand (DOD) inkjet single nozzle tekinoroji.

Innovations inogara ichitsvakwa, kuvandudza kukurumidza uye kugona kutarisana nemazhinji ekugadzira maapplication.Kubudirira kunoshamisa uko RP inogovana nenzvimbo dzakabatana dzeCNC ndiyo yemaharaware yakavhurika-yekuvhurika yemhando yepamusoro maapplication ayo anoumba yakazara CAD-CAM toolchain.Izvi zvakagadzira nharaunda yevagadziri vemidziyo yakaderera.Hobbyists vakatoita forays mune zvakanyanya kudiwa laser-effected mudziyo dhizaini

Rondedzero yekutanga yeRP Maitiro kana Fabrication Technologies yakaburitswa mu1993 yakanyorwa naMarshall Burns uye inotsanangura maitiro ega ega zvakanyanya.Inodomawo mamwe matekinoroji aive precursors kune mazita ari parunyorwa pazasi.Semuyenzaniso: Visual Impact Corporation yakangoburitsa prototype printa yekuisa wax uye ndokupa rezinesi kuSanders Prototype, Inc pachinzvimbo.BPM yakashandisa inkjets uye zvinhu zvakafanana.